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Evidence Gap Map

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Back on Track - Opportunity Works

Study type
Quasi-experimental studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Study includes subgroup analysis
Location
California,
Connecticut,
Louisiana,
Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania,
Washington
Population
Young people under 25
Young people without a high school credential

Impacts measured

Education

  • High school completion (diploma or equivalent) 
  • Postsecondary enrollment 
  • Postsecondary persistence 

Well-being

  • Financial capability
  • Connection to school/work
  • Justice system involvement

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school diploma
  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency
  • High school reengagement
  • Dual enrollment in high school and college programs

Postsecondary Education

  • Pre-enrollment supports for transition to postsecondary
  • Postsecondary education advising and coaching after enrollment
  • Academic supports for postsecondary success
  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training
  • Supports to pay for postsecondary education

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training
  • Pre-apprenticeships, apprenticeships, on-the-job training for a particular industry
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Post-program supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Stipends and incentives
  • Connections to a caring adult  

Other Implementation Practices

  • Collective impact approaches
  • Use of technology to deliver services or promote engagement
Publications
Anderson, Theresa, Breno Braga, Teresa Derrick-Mills, Alan Dodkowitz, H. Elizabeth Peters, Charmaine Runes, and Mary Winkler. 2019. New Insights into the Back on Track Model's Effects on Opportunity Youth Outcomes: Opportunity Works Final Evaluation Report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/95406/opportunity-works-implementation-report_0_0.pdf
Anderson, Theresa, Breno Braga, Neil Damron, Teresa Derrick-Mills, Alan Dodkowitz, Micaela Lipman, Amanda Martin-Caughey, H Elizabeth Peters, Eleanor Pratt, and Mary K Winkler. 2017. Opportunity Works Implementation Report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/opportunity-works-implementation-report
In Compendium
Yes
Programs in compendium
JEVS E3 Center City
Congreso De Latinos Unidos' E3 Center
Northwest Education Access

Beyond service provision: Promoting social capital and effective functioning for youth reentering the community after incarceration

Study type
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
Illinois
Population
Young people under 25
People involved in the justice system

Practices

Secondary Education

  • High school reengagement

Postsecondary Education

  • Pre-enrollment supports for transition to postsecondary
  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Work readiness training

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Family engagement
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications
Lansing, Jiffy. 2015. Beyond Service Provision: Promoting Social Capital and Effective Functioning for Youth Reentering the Community After Incarceration. Chicago: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago. https://www.chapinhall.org/wp-content/uploads/Beyond-Service-Provision_final.pdf
In Compendium
No

Bridges to Education and Employment for Justice-Involved Youth: Evaluation of the NYC Justice Corps Program

Study type
Outcome studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Study includes subgroup analysis
Location
New York
Population
Young people under 25
People involved in the justice system

Outcomes measured

Employment

  • Attainment of employability/work readiness skills 
  • Employment placement/attainment 
  • Earnings 

Practices

Secondary Education

  • High school reengagement

Postsecondary Education

  • Pre-enrollment supports for transition to postsecondary
  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Post-program supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Youth leadership and civic engagement
  • Stipends and incentives
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications
Cramer, Lindsey , Mathew Lynch, Margaret Goff, Sino Estappan, Travis Reginal, and David Leitson. 2019. Bridges to Education and Employment for Justice-Involved Youth: Evaluation of the NYC Justice Corps Program. Washington, DC: Urban Insitute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/100308/bridges_to_education_and_employment_for_justice-involved_youth_0.pdf
In Compendium
No

Creating Opportunities: Strategies for Supported Work Experience

Study type
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
New York
Population
Young people under 25

Practices

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Cohort model
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications
Turner, Tandra T., and Christina A. Russell. 2018. Creating Opportunities: Strategies for Supported Work Experience. Washington, DC: Policy Studies Associates. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59d23c4c64b05f05702d7574/t/5c6dae344e17b614f2863d05/1550691893110/DYCD-+Opportunity+Youth+Report.pdf
In Compendium
No

Engaging Young Men Involved in Chicago's Justice System: A Feasibility Study of the Bridges to Pathways Program

Study type
Randomized controlled trials
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
Illinois
Population
Young people under 25
People involved in the justice system
Young males
Young people without a high school credential

Impacts measured

Education

  • Engagement in secondary education
  • High school completion (diploma or equivalent) 
  • Postsecondary enrollment 

Employment

  • Attainment of occupational skills/certificates 
  • Employment placement/attainment 
  • Earnings 

Well-being

  • Health
  • Social-emotional
  • Justice system involvement

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school diploma
  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Post-program supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Youth leadership and civic engagement
  • Stipends and incentives
  • Cohort model
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications
Wasserman, Kyla, Johanna Walter, Beata Luczywek, Hannah Wagner, and Cindy Redcross. 2019. Engaging Young Men Involved in Chicago?s Justice System:? A Feasibility Study of the Bridges to Pathways Program. New York: MDRC. https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/engaging_young_men_chicago_sep_2019.pdf
In Compendium
No

How Employment Programs Can Support Young People Transitioning Out of Foster Care: Formative Evaluation Findings of Two Employment Programs

Study type
Outcome studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
California,
Illinois
Population
Young people under 25
People involved in the child welfare system

Outcomes measured

Employment

  • Attainment of employability/work readiness skills 
  • Employment placement/attainment 

Practices

Postsecondary Education

  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training
  • Pre-apprenticeships, apprenticeships, on-the-job training for a particular industry
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement
  • Supports to maintain employment

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Post-program supports
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Family engagement
  • Cohort model
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications
Lansing, Jiffy, Hannah Daly, and Michael Pergamit. 2021. How Employment Programs Can Support Young People Transitioning Out of Foster Care. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. https://acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/opre/How%20Employment%20Programs%20Can%20Support%20Young%20People%20Transitioning%20Out%20of%20Foster%20Care_Sep-2021.pdf
In Compendium
No

Los Angeles Reconnection Career Academy (LARCA)

Study type
Randomized controlled trials
Qualitative or implementation studies
Cost studies
Study includes subgroup analysis
Location
California
Population
Young people under 25
Young people without a high school credential

Outcomes measured

Employment

  • Attainment of occupational skills/certificates 
  • Attainment of employability/work readiness skills 

Impacts measured

Education

  • Engagement in secondary education
  • High school completion (diploma or equivalent) 
  • Postsecondary enrollment 
  • Postsecondary persistence 

Employment

  • Employment placement/attainment 
  • Employment retention  or advancement
  • Earnings 

Well-being

  • Justice system involvement

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school diploma
  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency
  • High school reengagement
  • Basic education services

Postsecondary Education

  • Pre-enrollment supports for transition to postsecondary
  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training
  • Supports to pay for postsecondary education

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training
  • Pre-apprenticeships, apprenticeships, on-the-job training for a particular industry
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Youth leadership and civic engagement
  • Connections to a caring adult  

Other Implementation Practices

  • Career pathways model
  • Career and technical education
  • Collective impact approaches
Publications
Geckeler, Christian, Hannah Betesh, Hannah Diaz, Lea Folsom, Hui Kim, and Anne Paprocki. 2017. Helping Dropout Youth Find Education and Employment: Final Impact Evaluation of the Los Angeles Reconnections Career Academy (LARCA) Program. Oakland, CA: Social Policy Research Associates. https://www.spra.com/wordpress2/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/LARCA-Final-Report-043017-508-compliant-protected.pdf
Geckeler, Christian, Hannah Betesh, Verenice Chavoya-Perez, David Mitnick, and Anne Paprocki. 2015. Reengaging Dropouts: Lessons from the Implementation of the Los Angeles Reconnections Career Academy (LARCA) Program. Oakland, CA: Social Policy Research Associates. https://www.spra.com/wordpress2/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Los-Angeles-Reconnections-Career-Academy-LARCA-Interim-Implementation-Evaluation-Report.pdf
In Compendium
No

A Successful Prisoner Reentry Program Expands: Lessons from the Replication of the Center for Employment Opportunities

Study type
Outcome studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
New York,
California,
Oklahoma
Population
People involved in the justice system

Outcomes measured

Employment

  • Attainment of employability/work readiness skills 
  • Employment placement/attainment 
  • Employment retention  or advancement
  • Earnings 
  • Job quality

Well-being

  • Social-emotional

Practices

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement
  • Supports to maintain employment

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Stipends and incentives
Publications
Broadus, Joseph, Sara Muller-Ravett, Arielle Sherman, and Cindy Redcross. 2016. A Successful Prisoner Reentry Program Expands: Lessons from the Replication of the Center for Employment Opportunities. New York: MDRC. https://americorps.gov/sites/default/files/evidenceexchange/CEO_PrisonerReentryReport_508_1.pdf
In Compendium
No

The Academy: A Program for Older Youth Transitioning out of Foster Care

Study type
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
New York
Population
Young people under 25
People involved in the child welfare system

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency
  • Basic education services

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Post-program supports
  • Legal services
Publications
Yaroni, Allon, Rachel Wetts, and Tim Ross. 2010. The Academy: A Program for Older Youth Transitioning out of Foster Care. New York: Vera Institute of Justice. https://www.vera.org/downloads/Publications/the-academy-a-program-for-older-youth-transitioning-out-of-foster-care/legacy_downloads/Heckscher-Academy-report-final.pdf
In Compendium
No

The CUNY Fatherhood Academy: A Qualitative Evaluation

Study type
Outcome studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
New York
Population
Young people under 25
Young people who are parenting
Young males
Young people without a high school credential

Outcomes measured

Education

  • High school completion (diploma or equivalent) 
  • Postsecondary enrollment 

Employment

  • Employment placement/attainment 

Well-being

  • Parenting

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Career exploration and career counseling
  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports
  • Post-program supports
  • Life skills and financial literacy
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Stipends and incentives
  • Cohort model
  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications

McDaniel, Marla, Margaret C Simms, William Monson, and Erwin De Leon. 2015. The CUNY Fatherhood Academy: A Qualitative Evaluation. Research Report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/41721/2000109-The-CUNY-Fatherhood-Academy-A-Qualitative-Evaluation.pdf
In Compendium
Yes
Programs in compendium
CUNY Fatherhood Academy

UTEC, Inc. Street Outreach Workers

Study type
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
Massachusetts
Population
Young people under 25

Practices

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Mental and behavioral health supports
  • Supports for basic needs
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications

Pollack, Keshia M, Shannon Frattaroli, Jennifer M Whitehill, and Karen Strother. 2011. "Youth Perspectives on Street Outreach Workers: Results from a Community-Based Survey." Journal of Community Health 36, 3: 469-476.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21080041/

Frattaroli, S., K. M. Pollack, K. Jonsberg, G. Croteau, J. Rivera, and J. S. Mendel. 2010. "Streetworkers, Youth Violence Prevention, and Peacemaking in Lowell, Massachusetts: Lessons and Voices from the Community." Progress in Community Health Partnerships 4, 3: 171-9.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20729607/
In Compendium
Yes
Programs in compendium
UTEC, Inc.

Workforce Development and Social Enterprise Program, UTEC: Independent Program Analysis Report

Study type
Outcome studies
Qualitative or implementation studies
Location
Massachusetts

Outcomes measured

Education

  • Basic skills gains 

Well-being

  • Connection to school/work

Practices

Secondary Education

  • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency
  • Basic education services

Postsecondary Education

  • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training

Job and Career Education and Training

  • Work readiness training
  • Temporary and transitional work experiences

Employment Placement and Supports

  • Job placement

Support Services

  • Supports for basic needs
  • Post-program supports
  • Legal services

Youth Development and Engagement Approaches

  • Connections to a caring adult  
Publications

Social IMPACT Research. 2013. Workforce Development and Social Enterprise Program, UTEC: Independent Program Analysis Report. Chicago: Social IMPACT Research.

In Compendium
Yes
Programs in compendium
UTEC, Inc.

Study type

  • Cost studies (1)
  • Outcome studies (5)
  • (-) Qualitative or implementation studies (12)
  • Quasi-experimental studies (1)
  • Randomized controlled trials (3)
  • Study includes subgroup analysis (4)

Practices

  • Secondary Education (36)
    • Preparation or instruction for high school diploma (17)
    • Preparation or instruction for high school equivalency (26)
    • High school reengagement (9)
    • Dual enrollment in high school and college programs (7)
    • Basic education services (18)
  • Postsecondary Education (35)
    • Pre-enrollment supports for transition to postsecondary (24)
    • Postsecondary education advising and coaching after enrollment (8)
    • Academic supports for postsecondary success (5)
    • Occupational skills training, sectoral training, and industry-recognized credential training (25)
    • Supports to pay for postsecondary education (12)
  • Job and Career Education and Training (42)
    • Career exploration and career counseling (31)
    • Work readiness training (34)
    • Entrepreneurial skills training (3)
    • Pre-apprenticeships, apprenticeships, on-the-job training for a particular industry (11)
    • Temporary and transitional work experiences (32)
  • Employment Placement and Supports (27)
    • Job placement (25)
    • Supports to maintain employment (8)
    • Supports for employers (2)
  • Support Services (43)
    • Mental and behavioral health supports (29)
    • Supports for basic needs (38)
    • Parenting, pregnancy and child care supports (21)
    • Post-program supports (21)
    • Life skills and financial literacy (28)
    • (-) Legal services (12)
  • Youth Development and Engagement Approaches (46)
    • Youth leadership and civic engagement (20)
    • Stipends and incentives (23)
    • Family engagement (5)
    • Cohort model (21)
    • Connections to a caring adult   (42)
  • Other Implementation Practices (19)
    • Integrated education and training model (7)
    • Career pathways model (2)
    • Career and technical education (4)
    • Collective impact approaches (6)
    • Racial equity, diversity and inclusion approaches (1)
    • Use of technology to deliver services or promote engagement (9)

Impacts and Outcomes Measured

  • Education (5)
    • Basic skills gains  (1)
    • Engagement in secondary education (2)
    • High school completion (diploma or equivalent)  (4)
    • Postsecondary enrollment  (4)
    • Postsecondary persistence  (2)
  • Employment (6)
    • Attainment of occupational skills/certificates  (2)
    • Attainment of employability/work readiness skills  (4)
    • Employment placement/attainment  (6)
    • Employment retention  or advancement (2)
    • Earnings  (4)
    • Job quality (1)
  • Well-being (6)
    • Health (1)
    • Social-emotional (2)
    • Parenting (1)
    • Financial capability (1)
    • Connection to school/work (2)
    • Justice system involvement (3)

Population

  • Young people under 25 (10)
  • Young people without a high school credential (4)
  • People involved in the justice system (4)
  • Young males (2)
  • People involved in the child welfare system (2)
  • Young people who are parenting (1)

In compendium

  • Yes (4)
  • No (8)

Location

  • California (4)
  • Connecticut (1)
  • Illinois (3)
  • Louisiana (1)
  • Massachusetts (3)
  • New York (5)
  • Oklahoma (1)
  • Pennsylvania (1)
  • Washington (1)

 

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